|
|
British Population Size:
|
Summer:
503 thousand territories
in 2000
|
|
First Record:
Recorded in Medieval times
[Fossil evidence from
Devensian (last) glaciation, 10-120,000 yr ago]
|
|
Latest Survey:
Gregory, R.D. & Marchant, J.H. (1996) Bird Study 43:28-37
|
|
Conservation Status:
GREEN
|
|
Previous Assessments:
2002-2007
GREEN
1996-2001
GREEN
|
|
Races of Concern:
spermologus GREEN , monedula GREEN
|
|
|
|
Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
|
|
|
|
Most frequent in:
Villages
|
|
And found in:
Coastal Habitat, Pasture Farmland, Towns, Deciduous Wood
|
|
|
|
Relative Frequency in Each Habitat:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Migration routes:
Map of foreign ringing recoveries
|
|
|
|
European Population Size:
|
|
Summer:
4.2 to 10 million pairs
(Trend in Numbers)
|
|
Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
|
|
Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
|
|
|
|
Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of:
WCA(III), WBD(II*)
|
|
|
Breeding and Survival
|
|
Egg Size:
35 x 25 mm
|
Egg Weight:
11.1 g (of which 7 % is shell)
|
|
|
|
Number of Nest Records:
265
|
|
Clutch Size:
4 - 5 eggs
|
4.45 ± 1.01 (2 - 9) N = 1380
|
|
Incubation:
20 days
|
19.43 ± 1.99 (16 - 23.5) N = 1380
|
by the:
Female
|
Fledging:
32 - 33days
|
31.85 ± 1.51 (28 - 34.5) N = 2484
|
as:
Altricial, downy
|
|
Source:
|
British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Nest Record Scheme data
|
|
|
|
|
First Clutches Laid:
30 Mar (12 Mar - 18 Apr)
|
|
Number of Broods:
1
|
|
See trends in Breeding Productivity
|
|
Number Ringed:
Annual Totals
|
|
Adult Survival:
0.694
± 0.059
|
Juvenile Survival:
0.397 (to age 2 )
|
|
|
|
Age at First Breeding:
2
years
|
Typical Lifespan:
5
years
|
|
Maximum Recorded Age:
17 years 0 months 22 days (set in 1980)
|
|
Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries
|
|
|
Biometrics
|
|
Ring Size:
E
|
|
Wing Length
|
Adult:
|
233.3 ± 10.2
Range
186.0 - 264.0 mm, (N = 1088)
|
|
|
Juvenile:
|
226.9 ± 10.3
Range
178.0 - 251.0 mm, (N = 1165)
|
|
|
Male:
|
238.6 ± 11.0
Range
194.0 - 264.0 mm, (N = 274)
|
|
|
Female:
|
228.4 ± 9.7
Range
188.0 - 259.0 mm, (N = 308)
|
|
|
|
Weight
|
Adult:
|
229.9 ± 21.01
Range
143.0 - 315.5 g , (N =764)
|
|
|
Juvenile:
|
211.4 ± 25.0
Range
135.0 - 290.0 . , (N =833)
|
|
|
Male:
|
240.5 ± 19.55
Range
170.0 - 315.5 g , (N =195)
|
|
|
Female:
|
221.7 ± 17.73
Range
165.0 - 291.0 g , (N =211)
|
|
|
Seasonal:
|
Summer 227.9 ± 20.72 (N = 2238)
Autumn 229.3 ± 23.14 (N = 114)
Winter 238.0 ± 23.97 (N = 318)
|
|
|
Source:
|
British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data
|
|
|
Other Names
|
|
Eurasian / Western Jackdaw
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gaelic:
Cathag
|
Welsh:
Jac-y-do
|
|
Danish:
Allike
|
Dutch:
Kauw
|
|
Finnish:
Naakka
|
French:
Choucas des tours
|
|
German:
Dohle
|
Hungarian:
Csóka
|
|
Icelandic:
Dvergkráka
|
Irish:
Cág
|
|
Italian:
Taccola
|
Norwegian:
Kaie
|
|
Polish:
Kawka zwyczajna
|
Portuguese:
Gralha-de-nuca-cinzenta
|
|
Spanish:
Grajilla
|
Swedish:
Kaja
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For More Information...
|
|
Books and Monographs:
|
|
Cocker, M. 2007 Crow country Jonathon Cape, London
[598.96 COC]
|
|
|
|
See Also:
|
Find scientific papers on  Google Scholar
or  Scirus by clicking the icon
|
|
Wikipedia entry
|
|
BirdLife species page
|
|
Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
|
|
Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead
|
|
|
