Population and Distribution
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Population Trend:
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 Wider Countryside Report
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Regional Trends:
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Scotland
Wales
England
English Regions
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Distribution:
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Atlas Maps
(Local Atlases)
BBS Maps
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British Population Size:
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Summer:
8.5 million birds
in 1994-00
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First Record:
8th Century
[Fossil evidence from
Middle Pleistocene, c. 500,000 yr ago]
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Latest Survey:
Robinson et al. (2005) Bird Study 52:252-260
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Conservation Status:
RED
because
Recent Breeding Population Decline,
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Previous Assessments:
2002-2007
RED
1996-2001
AMBER
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Races of Concern:
vulgaris RED (Recent Decline), zetlandicus AMBER (Important Population)
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Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
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Most frequent in:
Towns
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Also common in:
Villages
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Relative Frequency in Each Habitat:
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European Population Size:
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Summer:
21 to 46 million pairs
(Trend in Numbers)
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Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
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Distribution in Europe
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Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of:
WCA(III), WBD(II*)
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Survey Results:
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BirdTrack
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Garden BirdWatch
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Winter Farmland Bird Survey
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BTO Report for Defra
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Breeding and Survival
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Egg Size:
30 x 21 mm
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Egg Weight:
7.0 g (of which 6 % is shell)
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Number of Nest Records:
395
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Clutch Size:
4 - 5 eggs
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4.60 ± 0.94 (2 - 9) N = 2920
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Incubation:
12- 15 days
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12.38 ± 1.61 (9.5 - 15.5) N = 2920
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by the:
Male + Female
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Fledging:
19 - 22days
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20.50 ± 3.25 (15 - 26) N = 5459
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as:
Altricial, downy
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Source:
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British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Nest Record Scheme data
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First Clutches Laid:
19 Apr (6 Apr - 30 May)
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Number of Broods:
1-2
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Trends in Breeding Productivity
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Number Ringed:
15568
(Annual Totals)
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Adult Survival:
0.687
± 0.004
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Juvenile Survival:
0.518 (in First-Year)
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Age at First Breeding:
2
years
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Typical Lifespan:
5
years
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Maximum Recorded Age:
17 years 7 months 25 days (set in 2001)
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Summary of Ringing Recoveries
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Biometrics
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Ring Size:
C
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Wing Length
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Adult:
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131.3 ± 3.5
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Range
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126 - 137 mm, N =32774
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Juvenile:
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130.2 ± 4.2
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122 - 136 mm, N =10312
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Male:
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132.6 ± 3.1
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128 - 137 mm, N =18182
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Female:
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129.5 ± 3.3
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124 - 135 mm, N =13930
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Weight
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Adult:
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84.99 ± 9.88
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Range
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73.30 - 98.00 g , N =24304
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Juvenile:
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81.83 ± 7.59
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70.00 - 95.00 g , N =8104
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Male:
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86.95 ± 9.97
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76.00 - 100.0 g , N =13448
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Female:
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82.50 ± 9.27
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72.00 - 95.00 g , N =10351
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Source:
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British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data
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Other Names
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Common Starling
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Gaelic:
Druid
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Welsh:
Drudwen
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Danish:
Stær
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Dutch:
Spreeuw
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Finnish:
Kottarainen
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French:
Étourneau sansonnet
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German:
Star
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Hungarian:
Seregély
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Icelandic:
Stari
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Irish:
Druid
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Italian:
Storno
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Norwegian:
Stær
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Polish:
Szpak
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Portuguese:
Estorinho-malhado
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Spanish:
Estornino pinto
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Swedish:
Stare
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Collective Noun:Murmuration (or Chattering)
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For More Information...
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Books and Monographs:
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Feare, C. 1984 The starling Oxford University Press, Oxford
[598.971 FEA]
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Feare, C.J. 1985 The Starling Shire Publications, Princes Risborough
[Jour: S]
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Feare, C.J. 1996 Studies of West Palearctic birds: Starling British Birds 89:549-567
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See Also:
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Find scientific papers on  Google Scholar
or  Scirus by clicking the icon
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Wikipedia entry
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BirdLife species page
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Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
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All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
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Gough, G.A. et al. (1998) Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
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State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead
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