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British Population Size:
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Winter:
100 thousand individuals
in 2004-09
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First Record:
Recorded in Medieval times
[Fossil evidence from
Middle Pleistocene, c. 500,000 yr ago]
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First Breeding Record:
Sutherland 1855
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Latest Survey:
Holling, M. & RBBP 2011 British Birds 104:476-537
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Conservation Status:
RED
because
Recent Breeding Population Decline,
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Previous Assessments:
2002-2007
RED
1996-2001
RED
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Races of Concern:
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UK Biodiversity Action Plan
(Lead Partner: RSPB & WWT)
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Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
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No habitat data from BBS
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European Population Size:
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Summer:
3900 to 12 thousand pairs
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Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
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Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
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Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of:
WCA(I), WBD(II*,III*), Bern(III), Bonn(II), AEWA
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Breeding and Survival
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Egg Size:
66 x 45 mm
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Egg Weight:
72.0 g (of which 8 % is shell)
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Number of Nest Records:
0
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Clutch Size:
6 - 8 eggs
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Incubation:
30- 31 days
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by the:
Female
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Fledging:
45 - 50days
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as:
Precocial, downy
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First Clutches Laid:
Unavailable
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Number of Broods:
1
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Number Ringed:
Annual Totals
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Adult Survival:
0.783
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Juvenile Survival:
No data
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Age at First Breeding:
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Typical Lifespan:
No data
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Maximum Recorded Age:
13 years 2 months 27 days (set in 2009)
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Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries
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Biometrics
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Ring Size:
G
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Wing Length
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Adult:
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Insufficient Data
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Juvenile:
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Insufficient Data
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Male:
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Insufficient Data
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Female:
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Insufficient Data
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Weight
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Adult:
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Insufficient Data
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Juvenile:
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Insufficient Data
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Male:
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Insufficient Data
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Female:
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Insufficient Data
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Seasonal:
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Other Names
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Black Scoter
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Has Included Melanitta americana
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Gaelic:
Lach-bheag-dhubh
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Welsh:
Môr-hwyaden Ddu
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Danish:
Sortand
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Dutch:
Zwarte zeeëend
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Finnish:
Mustalintu
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French:
Macreuse noire
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German:
Trauerente
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Hungarian:
Fekete réce
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Icelandic:
Hrafnsönd
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Irish:
Scótar
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Italian:
Orchetto marino
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Norwegian:
Svartand
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Polish:
Markaczka
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Portuguese:
Pato-negro
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Spanish:
Negrón común
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Swedish:
Sjöorre
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Collective Noun:Raft
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For More Information...
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Books and Monographs:
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Kear, J 2005 Ducks, geese and swans Oxford University Press
[598.48 KEA]
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Collinson, M. et al. 2006 Species limits within the genus Melanitta, the scoters British Birds 99:183-201
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Cabot, D. 2009 Wildfowl Collins, London
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See Also:
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Find scientific papers on Google Scholar
or Scirus by clicking the icon
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Wikipedia entry
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BirdLife species page
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Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
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Details from the Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
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Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead
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