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British Population Size:
|
Winter:
100 thousand individuals
in 2004-09
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|
First Record:
Recorded in Medieval times
[Fossil evidence from
Middle Pleistocene, c. 500,000 yr ago]
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First Breeding Record:
Sutherland 1855
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Latest Survey:
Holling, M. & RBBP 2011 British Birds 104:476-537
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Conservation Status:
RED
because
Recent Breeding Population Decline,
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Previous Assessments:
2002-2007
RED
1996-2001
RED
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Races of Concern:
|
|
UK Biodiversity Action Plan
(Lead Partner: RSPB & WWT)
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|
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Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
|
|
No habitat data from BBS
|
|
|
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European Population Size:
|
|
Summer:
3900 to 12 thousand pairs
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Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
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Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
|
|
|
|
Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of:
WCA(I), WBD(II*,III*), Bern(III), Bonn(II), AEWA
|
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Breeding and Survival
|
|
Egg Size:
66 x 45 mm
|
Egg Weight:
72.0 g (of which 8 % is shell)
|
|
|
|
Number of Nest Records:
0
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|
Clutch Size:
6 - 8 eggs
|
|
|
Incubation:
30- 31 days
|
|
by the:
Female
|
Fledging:
45 - 50days
|
|
as:
Precocial, downy
|
|
|
|
First Clutches Laid:
Unavailable
|
|
Number of Broods:
1
|
|
Number Ringed:
Annual Totals
|
|
Adult Survival:
0.783
|
Juvenile Survival:
No data
|
|
|
|
Age at First Breeding:
|
Typical Lifespan:
No data
|
|
Maximum Recorded Age:
13 years 2 months 27 days (set in 2009)
|
|
Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries
|
|
|
Biometrics
|
|
Ring Size:
G
|
|
Wing Length
|
Adult:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Juvenile:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Male:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Female:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
|
Weight
|
Adult:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Juvenile:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Male:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Female:
|
Insufficient Data
|
|
|
Seasonal:
|
|
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Other Names
|
|
Black Scoter
|
|
Has Included Melanitta americana
|
|
|
|
Gaelic:
Lach-bheag-dhubh
|
Welsh:
Môr-hwyaden Ddu
|
|
Danish:
Sortand
|
Dutch:
Zwarte zeeëend
|
|
Finnish:
Mustalintu
|
French:
Macreuse noire
|
|
German:
Trauerente
|
Hungarian:
Fekete réce
|
|
Icelandic:
Hrafnsönd
|
Irish:
Scótar
|
|
Italian:
Orchetto marino
|
Norwegian:
Svartand
|
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Polish:
Markaczka
|
Portuguese:
Pato-negro
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Spanish:
Negrón común
|
Swedish:
Sjöorre
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Collective Noun:Raft
|
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For More Information...
|
|
Books and Monographs:
|
|
Kear, J 2005 Ducks, geese and swans Oxford University Press
[598.48 KEA]
|
|
Collinson, M. et al. 2006 Species limits within the genus Melanitta, the scoters British Birds 99:183-201
|
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Cabot, D. 2009 Wildfowl Collins, London
|
|
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See Also:
|
Find scientific papers on  Google Scholar
or  Scirus by clicking the icon
|
|
Wikipedia entry
|
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BirdLife species page
|
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Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
|
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Details from the Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
|
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Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead
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