Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus   [Linnaeus, 1758]

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   Page updated:16-January-2013

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
BTO Codes: OC, OYSTE EURING No: 4500
Number in Britain: 113 thousand pairs (Summer)
Conservation Status:
UK: AMBER
European: Not a species of concern
Global: (Details)
Links to: Images   Videos   Sound  
Status in UK: (A)  Migrant/Resident Breeder, Passage/Winter Visitor
Subspecies: ostralegus recorded in Britain (of 4 subsp. in the world)
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Length: 42 cm Wingspan: 83 cm Weight: M/F: 540 g    
Scientific name from: Gr.: haima=blood + pous=foot and L.: ostrea=oyster + legere=to lift
World Distribution: BREEDS: coasts of Europe & n Asia, WINTERS: south to s Africa & s Asia
Habitat: Sandy, muddy, rocky beaches
Diet: Predominantly bivalves esp cockles, mussels, tellins Macoma, earthworms when young
TitBit: Individuals specialise by either hammering their bivalve prey through the shell (these birds have short, blunt bills), or prising the two shells apart (these have longer pointed bills).  

Population and Distribution

Population Trend: BirdTrends   
Regional Trends: Scotland   England   English Regions
Distribution: Atlas Maps    BBS Maps
British Population Size:
    Summer: 99 to 127 thousand pairs in 1985-98
    Winter: 320 thousand individuals in 2004-09
    First Record: Recorded in Medieval times
    Conservation Status: AMBER because Localised Non-breeding Population, Important Breeding Population Important Non-breeding Population
   Previous Assessments: 2002-2007 AMBER     1996-2001 AMBER  
   Races of Concern: ostralegus AMBER (Important Population)
Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
    Most frequent in: Estuaries
    Also common in: Open Shore
Relative Frequency in Each Habitat:
Migration routes: Map of foreign ringing recoveries  and summary map from Time to Fly (in pop-up windows)
European Population Size:
    Summer: 293 to 425 thousand pairs
Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of: WBD(II*), Bern(III), Bonn(II), AEWA
Survey Results: Results from BirdTrack

Breeding and Survival

Egg Size: 57 x 40 mm Egg Weight: 46.5 g (of which 7 % is shell)
Number of Nest Records: 555
Clutch Size: 2 - 3 eggs 2.70 ± 0.69 (1 - 5) N = 3547
Incubation: 24- 27 days   by the: Male + Female
Fledging: 34 - 37days as: Precocial, downy
First Clutches Laid: 19 May (15 Apr - 9 Jun)
Number of Broods: 1
See trends in Breeding Productivity
Number Ringed: Annual Totals
Adult Survival: 0.880       
Juvenile Survival: 0.390 (to age 5 )  
Age at First Breeding: 4 years Typical Lifespan: 12 years
Maximum Recorded Age: 40 years 1 months 2 days (set in 2010)
Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries

Biometrics

Ring Size: F
Wing Length Adult: 262.7 ± 7.5     Range 225.0 - 291.0 mm, (N = 8270)
Juvenile: 257.5 ± 7.0     Range 225.0 - 282.0 mm, (N = 2022)
Male: 261.1 ± 6.4     Range 236.0 - 283.0 mm, (N = 146)
Female: 262.4 ± 7.8     Range 236.0 - 282.0 mm, (N = 177)
Weight Adult: 536.8 ± 83.67 Range 320.0 - 748.0 g , (N =8253)
Juvenile: 479.6 ± 54.1 Range 335.0 - 665.0 . , (N =1995)
Male: 535.8 ± 51.10 Range 415.0 - 700.0 g , (N =147)
Female: 539.5 ± 56.89 Range 364.0 - 690.0 g , (N =175)
Seasonal: Summer 512.2 ± 41.60 (N = 3303)   Autumn 529.0 ± 42.01 (N = 8094)   Winter 548.4 ± 53.81 (N = 9115)  
Source: British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data

Other Names

Eurasian Oystercatcher
Gaelic: Gille-Brìghde Welsh: Pioden y Môr
Danish: Strandskade Dutch: Scholekster
Finnish: Meriharakka French: Huîtrier pie
German: Austernfischer Hungarian: Csigaforgató
Icelandic: Tjaldur Irish: Roilleach
Italian: Beccaccia di mare Norwegian: Tjeld
Polish: Ostrygojad zwyczajny Portuguese: Ostraceiro
Spanish: Ostrero Swedish: Strandskata
Local Names:Shelder, Sea Pie,

For More Information...

Books and Monographs:
   Goss-Custard, J.D. 1996 The oystercatcher: from individuals to populations Oxford University Press, Oxford [598.612 GOS]
   Nethersole-Thompson, D. & M. 1986 Waders, their breeding, haunts and watchers Poyser, London [598.6 NET]
   Nethersole-Thompson, D. 1988 The Oystercatcher Shire Publications, Princes Risborough [Jour: S]
See Also:
Find scientific papers on Google Scholar or Scirus by clicking the icon
Wikipedia entry
BirdLife species page
Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead