Snipe Gallinago gallinago   [Linnaeus, 1758]

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Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
BTO Codes: SN, SNIPE EURING No: 5190
Number in Britain: 53 thousand pairs (Summer)
Conservation Status:
UK: AMBER
European: 3 Concern, most not in Europe; Declining
Global: Least Concern (Details)
Links to: Images   Videos   Sound  
Status in UK: (A)  Migrant/Resident Breeder, Passage/Winter Visitor
Subspecies: gallinago, faeroeensis recorded in Britain (of 3 subsp. in the world)
.
Length: 26 cm Wingspan: 46 cm Weight: M/F: 110 g    
Scientific name from: L.: gallina=a hen
World Distribution: BREEDS: Europe, n Asia, WINTERS: south to c Africa, c Asia & n South America
Habitat: Wet grassland
Diet: Invertebrates, on wet ground or shallow water, located by touch
TitBit: The distinctive, thin, tweeting noise that accompanies the snipe's evocative aerial display on warm summer evenings (known as drumming) is produced by the wind whistling through its spread outer tail feathers.  

Population and Distribution

Population Trend: Wider Countryside Report   
Regional Trends: Scotland   England   English Regions
Distribution: Atlas Maps    BBS Maps
British Population Size:
    Summer: 53 thousand pairs in 1985-99
    Winter: 1 million individuals in 2004-09     Note: Best estimate
    First Record: Recorded in Anglo-Saxon times [Fossil evidence from Devensian (last) glaciation, 10-120,000 yr ago]
    Conservation Status: AMBER because Species of European Concern,
   Previous Assessments: 2002-2007 AMBER     1996-2001 AMBER  
   Races of Concern: gallinago AMBER (European Concern), faeroeensis AMBER (Important Population)
Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
    Most frequent in: Lakes
    Also common in: Bog, Marsh
    And found in: Grass/Heath, Moorland, Along Streams
Relative Frequency in Each Habitat:
Migration routes: Summary map from Time to Fly (in pop-up window)
European Population Size:
    Summer: 630 thousand to 1.1 million pairs   (Trend in Numbers)
Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of: WCA(II,III), WBD(II*,III*), Bern(III), Bonn(II), AEWA
Survey Results: Results from BirdTrack
Results from the Winter Farmland Bird Survey

Breeding and Survival

Egg Size: 40 x 29 mm Egg Weight: 16.5 g (of which 5 % is shell)
Number of Nest Records: 40   (more would be welcome!)
Clutch Size: 4 eggs 3.90 ± 0.35 (2 - 5) N = 465
Incubation: 18- 20 days   by the: Female
Fledging: 19 - 20days as: Precocial, downy
First Clutches Laid: 30 Apr (31 Mar - 24 Jun)
Number of Broods: 1
See trends in Breeding Productivity
Number Ringed: Annual Totals
Adult Survival: 0.481 ± 0.054       
Juvenile Survival: 0.480 (in First-Year)  
Age at First Breeding: 2 years Typical Lifespan: 3 years
Maximum Recorded Age: 16 years 0 months 19 days (set in 1993)
Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries

Biometrics

Ring Size: C or C2 (pulli D or D2)
Wing Length Adult: 136.1 ± 3.9 Range 129 - 142 mm, N =754
Juvenile: 136.1 ± 4.1 130 - 142 mm, N =661
Male: Insufficient Data
Female: Insufficient Data
Weight Adult: 108.2 ± 12.17 Range 91.00 - 129.0 g , N =643
Juvenile: 105.9 ± 11.12 89.00 - 124.0 g , N =598
Male: Insufficient Data
Female: Insufficient Data
Source:
British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data

Other Names

Common Snipe
Has Included Gallinago delicata 
Gaelic: Naosg Welsh: Gďach Gyffredin
Danish: Dobbeltbekkasin Dutch: Watersnip
Finnish: Taivaanvuohi French: Bécassine des marais
German: Bekassine Hungarian: Sárszalonka
Icelandic: Hrossagaukur Irish: Naoscach
Italian: Beccaccino Norwegian: Enkeltbekkasin
Polish: Kszyk (bekas kszyk) Portuguese: Narceja-comum
Spanish: Agachadiza común Swedish: Enkelbeckasin
Local Names:Snippick, Gowk
Collective Noun:Wisp (or Walk)

For More Information...

Books and Monographs:
   Nethersole-Thompson, D. & M. 1986 Waders, their breeding, haunts and watchers Poyser, London [598.6 NET]
   Rouxel, R. 2000 Snipes of the western Palearctic Eveil Nature, St Yrieix sur Charente [598.612 ROU]
   Ferrand, Y. (ed) 2006 Sixth European Woodcock and Snipe Workshop (IWS 13) Wetlands International, Wageningen [598.61 FER]
See Also:
Find scientific papers on Google Scholar or Scirus by clicking the icon
Wikipedia entry
BirdLife species page
Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
Details from the Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead