Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus   [Linnaeus, 1766]

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   Page updated:16-January-2013

Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
BTO Codes: BH, BLHGU EURING No: 5820
Number in Britain: 128 thousand pairs (Summer)
Conservation Status:
UK: AMBER
European: Not a species of concern
Global: (Details)
Links to: Images   Videos   Sound  
Status in UK: (A)  Migrant/Resident Breeder, Passage/Winter Visitor
Subspecies: Monotypic
.
Length: 36 cm Wingspan: 105 cm Weight: M: 330 g   F: 250 g    
Scientific name from: Gr.: kroikos=coloured + kephale=head and L.: ridere=to laugh + abundare=abounds
World Distribution: BREEDS: Europe, n&c Asia, ne North America, WINTERS: south to c Africa, s Asia, e US
Habitat: Lakes, rivers, moors, grassland, coasts
Diet: Opportunist, insects, earthworms, also plant material and scraps
TitBit: Now a common visitor to the garden, the birds habit of venturing into urban areas appears to date only to the 'Little Ice-Age', a run of cold-winters in the 1880s and 1890s when factory workers would feed the birds scraps during their lunch hours.  

Population and Distribution

Population Trend: JNCC Seabird Monitoring Programme
Distribution: Atlas Maps   
British Population Size:
    Summer: 128 thousand pairs in 1998-02
    Winter: 2.2 million individuals in 1993
    First Record: Recorded in Medieval times
    Latest Survey: Mitchell, P.I. et al. (2004) Seabird populations of Britain and Ireland Poyser, London
    Conservation Status: AMBER because Recent Non-breeding Population Decline (1981-2007), Important Non-breeding Population
   Previous Assessments: 2002-2007 AMBER     1996-2001 GREEN  
   Races of Concern:
Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
    Most frequent in: Estuaries
Relative Frequency in Each Habitat:
Migration routes: Map of foreign ringing recoveries  and summary map from Time to Fly (in pop-up windows)
European Population Size:
    Summer: 1.3 to 1.7 million pairs
Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
Distribution in Europe mapped by the EBCC Atlas
Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of: WBD(II*), Bern(III)
Survey Results: Results from BirdTrack
Results from Garden BirdWatch
Summary text from Seabird 2000 (warning: link to large pdf)

Breeding and Survival

Egg Size: 53 x 37 mm Egg Weight: 37.5 g (of which 6 % is shell)
Number of Nest Records: 295
Clutch Size: 2 - 3 eggs
Incubation: 23- 26 days   by the: Male + Female
Fledging: 34 - 36days as: Semi-precocial, downy
First Clutches Laid: Unavailable
Number of Broods: 1
Number Ringed: Annual Totals
Adult Survival: 0.900       
Juvenile Survival: 0.447 (to age 2 )  
Age at First Breeding: 2 years Typical Lifespan: 11 years
Maximum Recorded Age: 29 years 3 months 12 days (set in 2010)
Read a summary of Ringing Recoveries

Biometrics

Ring Size: E
Wing Length Adult: 305.6 ± 11.8     Range 250.0 - 350.0 mm, (N = 9456)
Juvenile: 299.9 ± 11.0     Range 257.0 - 330.0 mm, (N = 471)
Male: 313.2 ± 9.0     Range 276.0 - 337.0 mm, (N = 191)
Female: 300.4 ± 8.6     Range 285.0 - 320.0 mm, (N = 98)
Weight Adult: 288.8 ± 33.75 Range 160.0 - 420.0 g , (N =9111)
Juvenile: 262.2 ± 38.2 Range 150.0 - 390.0 . , (N =490)
Male: 294.9 ± 39.13 Range 206.0 - 412.0 g , (N =148)
Female: 256.8 ± 28.47 Range 200.0 - 335.0 g , (N =59)
Seasonal: Summer 266.0 ± 28.63 (N = 545)   Autumn 275.4 ± 31.15 (N = 1497)   Winter 292.4 ± 33.32 (N = 9330)  
Source: British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data

Other Names

Common Black-headed Gull
Previously Larus ridibundis 
Gaelic: Faoileag-a’-chinn-duibh Welsh: Gwylan Penddu
Danish: Hættemåge Dutch: Kokmeeuw
Finnish: Naurulokki French: Mouette rieuse
German: Lachmöwe Hungarian: Dankasirály
Icelandic: Hettumáfur Irish: Sléibhín
Italian: Gabbiano comune Norwegian: Hettemåke
Polish: Smieszka (mewa smieszka) Portuguese: Guincho-comum
Spanish: Gaviota reidora Swedish: Skrattmås
Local Names:Petch, Hoodie Maa, Rittick

For More Information...

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See Also:
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Wikipedia entry
BirdLife species page
Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
All About Birds (from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
Details from the Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
Read State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead