Population and Distribution
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Population Trend:
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 JNCC Seabird Monitoring Programme
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Distribution:
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Atlas Maps
(Local Atlases)
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British Population Size:
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Summer:
11 thousand pairs
in 1998-02
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First Record:
1671
[Fossil evidence from
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Latest Survey:
Mitchell, P.I. et al. (2004) Seabird populations of Britain and Ireland Poyser, London
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Conservation Status:
AMBER
because
Species of European Concern,
Recent Breeding Range Decline (1969-2007),
Localised Breeding Population,
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Previous Assessments:
2002-2007
AMBER
1996-2001
AMBER
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Races of Concern:
sandvicensis AMBER (Recent Decline)
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Habitat Occupancy (in the Breeding Season):
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No habitat data from BBS
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Average Day of First Arrival:
27 Mar
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European Population Size:
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Summer:
67 to 100 thousand pairs
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Population Assesment from Birds in Europe
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Distribution in Europe
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Listed on the Appendices/Schedules of:
WBD(I), Bern(III), Bonn(II*), AEWA
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Survey Results:
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BirdTrack
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Seabird 2000 (warning: link to large pdf)
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Breeding and Survival
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Egg Size:
51 x 36 mm
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Egg Weight:
35.0 g (of which 6 % is shell)
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Number of Nest Records:
37
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Clutch Size:
1 - 2 eggs
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Incubation:
21- 29 days
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by the:
Male + Female
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Fledging:
28 - 30days
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as:
Semi-precocial, downy
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First Clutches Laid:
Unavailable
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Number of Broods:
1
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Number Ringed:
2091
(Annual Totals)
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Adult Survival:
0.898
± 0.029
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Juvenile Survival:
0.358 (in First-Year)
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Age at First Breeding:
3
years
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Typical Lifespan:
12
years
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Maximum Recorded Age:
30 years 9 months 14 days (set in 1998)
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Summary of Ringing Recoveries
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Biometrics
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Ring Size:
D2
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Wing Length
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Adult:
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305.8 ± 6.9
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Range
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295 - 316 mm, N =30
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Juvenile:
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298.1 ± 6.9
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285 - 305 mm, N =24
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Male:
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Insufficient Data
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Female:
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Insufficient Data
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Weight
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Adult:
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238.9 ± 14.47
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Range
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214.0 - 261.0 g , N =32
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Juvenile:
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226.2 ± 17.65
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198.0 - 253.0 g , N =46
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Male:
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Insufficient Data
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Female:
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Insufficient Data
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Source:
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British Trust for Ornithology (2005) Ringing Scheme data
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Other Names
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Previously Thalasseus sandvicensis, Has Included Sterna acuflavida
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Gaelic:
Steàrnag-mhòr
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Welsh:
Morwennol Bigddu
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Danish:
Splitterne
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Dutch:
Grote stern
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Finnish:
Riuttatiira
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French:
Sterne caugek
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German:
Brandseeschwalbe
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Hungarian:
Kenti csér
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Icelandic:
Þaraþerna
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Irish:
Geabhróg Scothdhubh
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Italian:
Beccapesci
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Norwegian:
Splitterne
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Polish:
Rybitwa czubata
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Portuguese:
Garajau-comum
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Spanish:
Charrán patinegro
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Swedish:
Kentsk tärna
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For More Information...
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Books and Monographs:
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Marples, G. & Marples, A. 1934 The sea terns or sea swallows Country Life Books, London
[598.616 MAR]
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See Also:
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Find scientific papers on  Google Scholar
or  Scirus by clicking the icon
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Wikipedia entry
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BirdLife species page
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Recent sightings and information from BirdGuides
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All About Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
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Gough, G.A. et al. (1998) Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter
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State of the Nations Birds by Chris Mead
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