Barn Owl Blackbird Blackcap Blue Tit Bullfinch Buzzard Canada Goose Carrion Crow Cetti's Warbler Chaffinch Chiffchaff Coal Tit Collared Dove Common Crossbill Common Sandpiper Coot Cormorant Corn Bunting Cuckoo Curlew Dipper Dunnock Feral Pigeon Garden Warbler Goldcrest Golden Plover Goldfinch Goosander Grasshopper Warbler Great Crested Grebe Great Spotted Woodpecker Great Tit Green Woodpecker Greenfinch Grey Heron Grey Partridge Grey Wagtail Greylag Goose Hen Harrier Hobby Hooded Crow House Martin House Sparrow Jackdaw Jay Kestrel Kingfisher Lapwing Lesser Redpoll Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Lesser Whitethroat Linnet Little Grebe Little Owl Long-tailed Tit Magpie Mallard Marsh Tit Meadow Pipit Merlin Mistle Thrush Moorhen Mute Swan Nightingale Nightjar Nuthatch Oystercatcher Peregrine Pheasant Pied Flycatcher Pied/White Wagtail Raven Red Grouse Red Kite Red-legged Partridge Red-throated Diver Redshank Redstart Reed Bunting Reed Warbler Ring Ouzel Ring-necked Parakeet Ringed Plover Robin Rook Sand Martin Sedge Warbler Shelduck Siskin Skylark Snipe Song Thrush Sparrowhawk Spotted Flycatcher Starling Stock Dove Stonechat Swallow Swift Tawny Owl Tree Pipit Tree Sparrow Treecreeper Tufted Duck Turtle Dove Wheatear Whinchat Whitethroat Willow Tit Willow Warbler Wood Warbler Woodcock Woodlark Woodpigeon Wren Yellow Wagtail Yellowhammer

Mute Swan Greylag Goose Canada Goose Shelduck Mallard Tufted Duck Goosander Red Grouse Red-legged Partridge Grey Partridge Pheasant Red-throated Diver Cormorant Grey Heron Little Grebe Great Crested Grebe Red Kite Hen Harrier Sparrowhawk Buzzard Kestrel Merlin Hobby Peregrine Moorhen Coot Oystercatcher Ringed Plover Golden Plover Lapwing Snipe Woodcock Curlew Common Sandpiper Redshank Feral Pigeon Stock Dove Woodpigeon Collared Dove Turtle Dove Ring-necked Parakeet Cuckoo Barn Owl Little Owl Tawny Owl Nightjar Swift Kingfisher Green Woodpecker Great Spotted Woodpecker Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Magpie Jay Jackdaw Rook Carrion Crow Hooded Crow Raven Goldcrest Blue Tit Great Tit Coal Tit Willow Tit Marsh Tit Woodlark Skylark Sand Martin Swallow House Martin Cetti's Warbler Long-tailed Tit Wood Warbler Chiffchaff Willow Warbler Blackcap Garden Warbler Lesser Whitethroat Whitethroat Grasshopper Warbler Sedge Warbler Reed Warbler Nuthatch Treecreeper Wren Starling Dipper Ring Ouzel Blackbird Song Thrush Mistle Thrush Spotted Flycatcher Robin Nightingale Pied Flycatcher Redstart Whinchat Stonechat Wheatear Dunnock House Sparrow Tree Sparrow Yellow Wagtail Grey Wagtail Pied/White Wagtail Tree Pipit Meadow Pipit Chaffinch Greenfinch Goldfinch Siskin Linnet Lesser Redpoll Common Crossbill Bullfinch Yellowhammer Reed Bunting Corn Bunting

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• Population changes
• Demographic trends
• Causes of change

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Source	Period (yrs)	Years	Plots (n)	Change (%)	Lower limit	Upper limit	Alert	Comment
CBC/BBS UK	43	1967-2010	661	224	175	312
	25	1985-2010	1035	139	128	168
	10	2000-2010	1736	44	40	53
	5	2005-2010	1974	36	35	43
CBC/BBS England	43	1967-2010	575	197	142	292
	25	1985-2010	895	124	111	148
	10	2000-2010	1483	36	34	42
	5	2005-2010	1686	30	29	36
CES adults	26	1984-2010	90	78	49	112
	25	1985-2010	92	89	61	121
	10	2000-2010	101	29	18	42
	5	2005-2010	98	4	-3	11
CES juveniles	26	1984-2010	92	39	0	89
	25	1985-2010	94	49	12	106
	10	2000-2010	103	35	10	58
	5	2005-2010	99	13	-2	26
BBS UK	15	1995-2010	1498	102	94	117
	10	2000-2010	1722	47	45	57
	5	2005-2010	1974	37	36	45
BBS England	15	1995-2010	1282	84	80	98
	10	2000-2010	1461	39	37	46
	5	2005-2010	1669	31	30	38
BBS Scotland	15	1995-2010	54	264	160	422
	10	2000-2010	67	85	47	141
	5	2005-2010	85	54	33	90
BBS Wales	15	1995-2010	118	114	85	161
	10	2000-2010	135	57	43	85
	5	2005-2010	144	45	38	67

Variable	Period (yrs)	Years	Mean annual sample	Trend	Modelled in first year	Modelled in 2010	Change	Alert	Comment
Fledglings per breeding attempt	42	1968-2010	38	None
Clutch size	42	1968-2010	39	None
Brood size	42	1968-2010	46	None
Nest failure rate at egg stage	42	1968-2010	49	Linear decline	2.18% nests/day	1.46% nests/day	-33.0%
Nest failure rate at chick stage	42	1968-2010	38	None
Laying date	42	1968-2010	40	Curvilinear	May 21	May 10	-11 days
Juvenile to Adult ratio (CES)	26	1984-2010	98	Smoothed trend	118 Index value	100 Index value	-15%
Juvenile to Adult ratio (CES)	25	1985-2010	100	Smoothed trend	137 Index value	100 Index value	-27%	>25
Juvenile to Adult ratio (CES)	10	2000-2010	108	Smoothed trend	88 Index value	100 Index value	13%
Juvenile to Adult ratio (CES)	5	2005-2010	104	Smoothed trend	102 Index value	100 Index value	-2%

There has been a decrease in daily failure rate of nests at the egg stage while productivity has fluctuated markedly according to CES, obscuring any long-term trend. Survival rates have been stable. Using data from France, Julliard (2004) found that population growth rate was under the additive influence of survival and recruitment.

The trend towards earlier laying, amounting to an advance of ten days since 1968, may be a response to recent climate change (Crick & Sparks 1999, Croxton et al. 2006). The more rapid increase in Scotland indicated by BBS suggests that climatic warming may be allowing this species to extend its range northwards (Hewson et al. 2007).